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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a lover of coffee you're likely aware that different beans have distinct flavor profiles. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa. Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, more tart flavor profile and are often utilized in blends of coffee to add depth. Arabica Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world, making up 75% of all global coffee bean production. Arabica beans have a milder and sweeter flavor than Robusta. They are available in a variety profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary widely depending on the growing conditions and processing techniques employed to make it. The word “coffee” derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energized after eating these fruits. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly all over the world. Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes and flourish in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is thought to be the most delicious kind of coffee. Many specialty coffee shops and roasters insist on using ethically-sourced arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable cultivation practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is often utilized to create an even and consistent taste that appeals a wide market. Robusta Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to diseases and pests. They also have higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants found naturally. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and may result in undesirable flavors. The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, which makes it a more cost-effective plant to cultivate. Although it might seem odd Robusta beans are typically mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible that there's also some robusta. While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, the majority of roasters use mix the two varieties to reduce cost and maintain quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you should select a high quality bean from a trusted source. This can be accomplished by purchasing the beans directly from a farmer. Liberica Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football, which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is floral and fruity with smoky undertones. They are paired with other coffee bean types to give them a more rounded and more robust flavor. Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta. These qualities make them ideal for home-growing. You can find the seeds on the internet from several sources, however it's recommended to purchase from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall. Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered a distinct species, but was re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are ovals that grow on 20 to 30 feet coffee plants that are situated at medium altitudes. Their distinctive taste is tart and sour, making them a popular option for house blends. They are also lighter in flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta, but still have a distinctive quality of flavor. Excelsa Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta, even though they are the fourth most popular. They were considered to be to be a different species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious flavor. They are typically used to give blends more body and a rich tart taste of ripened fruits. Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are renowned for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at higher altitudes and enjoy warm, tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. If properly roasted and brewed they may have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit. coffee beans unroasted is the second most sought-after coffee in the world, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed in the world. These beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice as much caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody undertones. After you've learned about the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica bean or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.